Explanation of Direct and Indirect Speech ( Reported Speech )

           Direct and Indirect Speech is a matter of English grammar is widely taught in junior high and high school levels . Direct and Indirect Speech or commonly referred Reported Speech is a subscription form of matter that is often out in the UN good for junior high and high school .
On the basis of the importance of Direct and Indirect Speech material , then on this occasion the authors provide an explanation regarding the direct and complete Inderct to all visitors . May be useful
Direct and Indirect Speech
When we change the direct speech into indirect sentences , there are some things that are changing them changes the sentence structure , tense , pronouns ( personal pronouns ) , description of time and place ( Adverbs of time and place ) .
Before going further into sub - above discussion , it is good there also understand what is meant Reporting Speech and Reported Speech .
Reporting Speech is part of the sentence in direct speech is marked by quotation marks ( " ) and ends by quotation marks ( " ) .
• He said , " I have a present for you in my bag . "
• He asked me , " why do you come late . "
While Reported Speech is the beginning of a sentence baigan direct speech .
• He said , " I have a present for you in my bag . "
• He asked me , " why do you come late . "
To that end , in this article the author deliberately beberpa sub - divide the description of the direct and indirect speech perbuahan Based on the change - over .



1 . Changes in Structure of sentence

If we look at the direct speech sentence , there are characteristics that are identical quotation marks ( " ) . Tada learned is a way that is often used to distinguish which are direct or indirect .

When the changed climates of direct speech into indirect speech sentences , no quotation marks are removed or replaced with the word " that " or " to " ( for command line ) . For example :

No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 He said , " I have a present for you in my bag . " He said that he had a present for me in his bag .
02 He asked me , " why do you come late . " He asked me why I came late .
03 He orderd me , " do not bring a bag . " He ordered me to did not bring a bag .

Sentence structure changes also occur if the direct speech using interrogative sentence , it will be converted into an affirmative sentence ( news ) .

For the use of direct speech sentence interrogative sentence " yes -no question " it will be changed to if / Whether . For example :

No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 They asked me , " Do you want to join us to play football ? " They asked me if / Whether I want to join them to play football .
02 He asked me , " Does she want to mary me ? " He asked me if / Whether she wants to mary her .

For direct speech sentence that uses 5W1H question ( Why , Who , What , When , Where , How ) , it will be converted into an affirmative sentence in the following way :

No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 He asked me , " why do you come late ? " He asked me why you came late .
02 He asked me , " what does she eat ? " He asked me what she ate .
03 He asked me , " when did you come ? " He asked me when I came .
04 He asked me , " who are you ? " He asked me who I was .
05 He asked me , " who is she ? " He asked me who she was .

2 . Changes tense ( tenses )

As explained upfront , perbuahan from direct to indirect also affects the tense used . Most students difficult to understand change this one . To that end , the author purposely made ​​tense change table to be easily understood .

Below is a table of tenses change direct speech into indirect speech .

No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 Simple Present Simple Past
02 Present Continuous Past Continuous
Future Past Present Future 03
04 Present Perfect Past Perfect
05 Present Perfect Continuous Past Perfect Continuous
06 Simple Past Past Perfect
07 Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous

Or it could be made easier with the following table below, namely :

No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 V1 ( eat ) V2 ( ate )
02 V2 ( ate ) Had + V3 ( had eaten )
03 Am / is / are : Was / were
04 Do / Did does
05 Do / does not Did not
06 Did not Had not + V3
07 : Was / were Had been
08 Am / is / are + V - ing : Was / were + V - ing
09 : Was / were + V - ing Had been + V - ing
10 Has / have + Had + V3 V3
11 Will / shall / can / may / must Would / should / could / might / had to
12 Could / might / should / would + V1/be Could / might / should / would + have + V3/been

3 . Changes Pronoun

And possessive pronoun changes depending on sabjek and objects used in direct speech ( sentences directly ) that would affect the change pronouns in indirect speech ( indirect sentences ) .

• The first person pronouns ( I and We ) on speech reporting ( see explanation in the beginning ) change according to the subject that is in reproted speech .
No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 He said , ' I am busy . " He said that he was busy .
02 She said , ' I am unwell . ' She said that she was unwell .
03 I said , ' I will be late . ' I said that I would be late .
04 They said , ' We will not permit this . ' They said that they would not permit that .
05 We said , ' We need to buy some clothes . " We said that we needed to buy some clothes .

• The second person pronoun ( You) in reporting speech in direct speech changes according to the object in reported speech .
      No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 He said to me , ' You have to come with me . " He told me that I had to go with him .
02 She said to me , ' You can go . ' She told me that I could go .
03 She said to him , ' You can go . ' She told him that he could go .
• The third person pronoun ( He, she, it and they ) in direct speech did not change when changed into indirect speech .
No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 He said , ' She is a good girl . " He said that she was a good girl .
02 She said , ' They have invited us . ' She said that they had invited them .
03 They said , ' He does not have the Qualifications Necessary . " They said that he did not have the Qualifications Necessary .
4 . Specification changes of time and place ( Adverbs of time and place )

Not only that , in a change from direct speech to indirect speech also affects especially adverbs adverb of time ( time information ) and adverb of place ( adverb ) . For that you must understand the following table .
No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
01 Now Then
That day 02 To day
03 Tomorrow The next day
The day after
The following day
A day later
04 ... Next ... The after
The following ...
05 Last ... The ... before
The Previous ...
06 ... ago ... before
Earlier ...
07 Yesterday The day before
The previous day
The preceeding day
08 The day before Two day before yesterday
09 Here There
10 This That
Those 11 Reviews These


Below are examples of direct and indirect speech to increase the understanding of the above explanation .
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
( + ) He said , " I have a present for you in my bag . here " He said that he had a present for me in his bag there .
( - )

He said , " I do not have a present for you in my bag "

He said that he did not have a present for me in his bag .
( ? )

He asked , " Do I have a present for you in my bag ? "

He asked me if / Whether he had a present for me in his bag .
( ? )

He asked me , " Why do I have to have a present for you in my bag ?
He asked me why he had to have a present for me in his bag .
( ! )
He ordered / commanded me , " Bring my bag here now ! "
He ordered / commanded me to bring his bag there then .
( ! ) He ordered me , "Do not bring your bag here ! " He ordered me not to bring my bag there .